In the US we have what are known as generally accepted accounting principles or GAAP, accounting standards that must be adhered to by public companies. For some time, financial professionals, business people and politicians have been debating the merits of one global set of accounting principles and reporting standards.
Many people believe that the US laws are too complex and costly to comply with for non-US companies. Additionally, if a non-US firm is already complying with the laws of its home base, the expense in time, effort and hard currency may go beyond US compliance; adding to the equation may be posting in London, Zurich and Tokyo. This can prove to be a very expensive endeavor. However the US is notorious for its arduous procedures.
This week the SEC voted 4-0 to drop a requirement that foreign companies with U.S. listings reconcile their results to U.S. accounting rules. The reason is that regulators are hoping to eventually create a single, global set of accounting rules that could potentially benefit investors and companies world-wide.
In London, David Tweedie, the chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), said he was delighted by the vote and promised to continue to work with American rule makers to achieve our goal of integrating capital markets with a common language for financial reporting.
The vote, which had been heavily lobbied by European companies, clears the way for accounting standards approved by the London-based IASB to be used in most parts of the world and makes it more likely that the rules will eventually become the primary rules everywhere.
For now, US companies will still have to follow GAAP. The S.E.C. decision leaves open the issue of how, if at all, investors will be assured that the international rules are interpreted in a consistent way across the globe. There is no international equivalent to the S.E.C. with the power to determine the proper interpretation of international rules.
FASB is financed by a tax on public companies. The international board must rely on donations from companies and others, as the American board did before passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002. In the absence of an international regulator, much of the work in assuring similar interpretations will fall to the large accounting firms, which have set up groups in London to coordinate their work. Neither the funding of the IASB, nor leaving the accounting firms on their own have historically produced the best outcomes. There is potential for powerful outside influences that require being addressed immediately and head on.
The new rule will take effect for fiscal years that ended yesterday or afterward, meaning that it will include all companies that use calendar years for their financial statements. Non-US companies that do not follow the international rules will be able to continue reconciling their statements to the US rules.
The idea is a good one that a single set of global accounting rules would make life simpler for investors and companies alike. Companies would not have to spend as much to compile accounts for their operations around the world, while investors would find it easier to compare corporate results for companies on a global basis.
While markets are global, currently individual countries and regions differ on whether they should operate to benefit investors, companies or in some cases governments. SEC Commissioner Annette Nazareth adds: If there is wide latitude investors will not only lose confidence in the reliability of financial statements but also will lose the consistency that U.S. GAAP provides.
Financial statements and the rules that govern them in U.S. and the United Kingdom are designed with the needs of investors generally taking priority over those of companies and auditors. Elsewhere in Europe, the needs of investors often take a back seat to corporate or political goals. In China, companies, markets and investors are all subservient to the needs of the ruling Communist Party.
Transparency and consistency drive the best investment decisions. We have posted on our blog that Trust in Business Requires Diligence. http://www.clearamideas.com/clearam_ideas/2007/11/trust-in-busine.html
Without oversight it may take years to sort out useful international standards. Policing these standards for mistakes, from honest to knowingly egregious will require new thinking and new oversight.
Although we applaud the goal of having a common set of accounting standards worldwide, the recent decision by the SEC which will no longer require foreign companies to reconcile their financial statements to US GAAP is a mistake. US investors need a basis for comparison and in order to have an apples to apples comparison foreign companies which list in the US markets should adhere to US GAAP.
Clear Asset Management has expanded its ability to use data provided by non-US companies. Our Clear International Portfolio has demonstrated the strength of our multifactor models through the use of less stringent data and delivered superior performance over its 18 month track record. Standards are imperative to efficient globalization. We are behind the concept of standardization, with an agency with a big stick enforcing the standards. But we do not support that at the expense of losing the ability to fairly compare foreign versus domestic companies.
Disclaimer: Much of this post has been borrowed or interpreted from excellent reporting by Floyd Norris of the NY Times and David Reily and Kara Scannell at the Wall Street Journal. Mr. Corn is CEO of Clear Asset management and participates in the Clear International portfolio.